Files and Folders : Types, Properties, Extension and Practical uses

Bharat Kumar


 

🔹 What is a File?

A file is a collection of data or information stored on a computer with a specific name and extension.
Example: MyFile.docx, Photo.jpg, Budget.xlsx

🔹 What is a Folder?

A folder (also called a directory) is a virtual container used to organize and store files. It can also contain subfolders.

🗂️ TYPES OF FILES

TypeDescriptionExamples
Text FilesStore written content (letters, notes, etc.).txt, .doc, .docx
Image FilesStore pictures and graphics.jpg, .png, .gif, .bmp
Audio FilesContain sound/music.mp3, .wav, .aac
Video FilesStore movies or clips.mp4, .avi, .mkv
Spreadsheet FilesContain rows and columns of data.xls, .xlsx, .csv
Executable FilesRun programs or applications.exe, .bat, .msi
PDF FilesPortable Document Format for reading only.pdf
Compressed FilesReduce file size for sharing.zip, .rar, .7z
Presentation FilesSlide-based documents for display.ppt, .pptx
HTML/Coding FilesUsed in web development or programming.html, .css, .js, .py, .cpp

📌 FILE EXTENSIONS – Meaning

ExtensionUse
.txtPlain text file
.docxMicrosoft Word document
.xlsxMicrosoft Excel file
.pptxMicrosoft PowerPoint file
.jpgImage file
.mp4Video file
.pdfRead-only document (Adobe PDF)
.zipCompressed file
.exeExecutable program file
.htmlWebpage file (HTML code)

🧾 PROPERTIES OF FILES

Every file has the following properties:

PropertyDescription
File NameThe name of the file (e.g., notes.docx)
File TypeType of content (text, image, etc.)
File SizeAmount of space it takes (e.g., 2.4 MB)
Date CreatedThe date and time the file was made
Date ModifiedLast time it was edited
AttributesRead-only, Hidden, System, Archive

✅ To see file properties: Right-click > Properties (in Windows)

📁 TYPES OF FOLDERS

TypeDescription
System FolderCreated by OS (like Windows, System32, Program Files)
User FolderCreated by users to store their data (like My Documents, Pictures, Projects)
Temporary FolderStores temporary files used by applications
Root FolderThe main base folder (like C:\) that contains all other folders

🧠 USES OF FILES & FOLDERS

PurposeExplanation
Organize DataKeep files neat and sorted by categories
Easy Access & SearchFind your files quickly using folder paths
Data StorageSave documents, media, and projects securely
Backup & TransferEasily move or backup files using folders
Work CollaborationShare folders with teams (e.g., via Google Drive, OneDrive)

🧰 COMMON ACTIONS ON FILES & FOLDERS

ActionWhat it does
CreateMake a new file/folder
RenameChange file/folder name
MoveTransfer from one folder to another
CopyMake a duplicate
DeleteRemove from system
RestoreRecover from Recycle Bin
Compress (Zip)Reduce file size for sharing

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