LESSON PLAN 12 _ FRICTION _ MATHEMATICS _ B.ED (HONS) PART 2 SEMESTER 3

 

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Lesson Plan — Grade 4 — Friction

Grade: 4
Subject: Mathematics 
Student-Teacher Name: Bharat Kumar
Co-operative Teacher: Sir Jeetendar Maheshwari
Time: 30–40 minutes
School: Govt. Boys Primary School, Dharmani Colony, Mithi
Topic: Friction

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Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define friction in simple terms: a force that resists motion when two surfaces touch. 

2. Understand that friction acts in the opposite direction to motion.

3. Identify how different surfaces create different amounts of friction (rough vs smooth). 

4. Explain simple effects of friction: it can slow things down or produce heat. 

5. Give real-life examples of friction.

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Materials / Resources

• Several objects with different textures / surfaces (e.g., toy car, book, cloth, smooth board)

• Ramp or inclined plane (if available) or a flat surface

• Stopwatch / timer (optional)

• Measuring tape (optional)

• Chart paper or whiteboard + markers

• Worksheet (see below)

•  Short video / demonstration about friction

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Lesson Procedure

1. Warm-Up / Introduction (5 min)

   • Start by asking students: “Have you ever tried to slide a book or toy and it was hard to push?”

   • Let a few students share their experiences.

   • Introduce the idea: “There is a force called friction that makes sliding or moving things harder.”

2. Teaching / Explanation (10 min)

   • Define friction simply: Friction is the force that resists movement when two surfaces are in contact. 

   • Explain that friction works against motion: it slows down moving objects.

   • Talk about how surface texture matters: rough surfaces cause more friction, smooth surfaces cause less friction. 

   • Explain that friction can cause heat, for example when you rub your hands. 

3. Demonstration / Experiment (8–10 min)

   • Use the ramp (or a flat surface): slide a toy car / object over a rough surface (e.g., cloth) and over a smooth surface (e.g., board).

   • Ask students to observe: Which surface slows it down more? Which surface lets it slide further?

   •  Use a stopwatch to time how long the object moves on each surface, or measure distance.

   • Let students explain why one surface gave more resistance.

4. Group / Partner Discussion (5 min)

   • Divide students into small groups (2-3).

   • Ask them: “When do we use friction in real life?” Encourage thinking: walking, brakes of a bicycle, gripping things, etc.

   • Each group shares one or two examples with the class.

5. Worksheet / Written Practice (5 min)

   • Distribute the worksheet (see below). Let students work individually or in pairs to answer.

6. Reflection / Consolidation (3 min)

   • Ask: “Why is friction both helpful and sometimes a problem?”

     • Helpful: It lets us walk, stop, grip.

     • Problem: It slows things, causes wear, produces heat.

   • Emphasize that friction is an important force in daily life.

7. Homework / Follow-Up

• Ask students to look around their home / school and write down 3 examples where friction is helping (e.g., shoes on floor) and 1 example where friction makes things harder (e.g., sliding something heavy).

• They can draw or write their examples in their notebook.

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Worksheet: Friction (Grade 4)

A. Define the Term
Write a simple definition of friction:

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B. True or False

1. Friction always helps an object move faster. ( )

2. Rough surfaces create more friction than smooth surfaces. ( )

3. Friction can make things heat up. ( )

4. Friction acts in the same direction as motion. ( )

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Five Activity Ideas to Teach Friction

1. Friction Race

   • Set up a “race track” with different materials: cloth, wood, plastic. Let students slide a small toy car or block over each, and time / compare which surface slows it down most.

2. Surface Texture Sorting

   • Provide various material samples (sandpaper, cloth, plastic sheet, cardboard). In groups, ask students to sort them from “most friction” to “least friction” based on how rough or smooth they feel.

3. Hand-Warm Experiment

   • Ask students to rub their hands together quickly for a few seconds and then feel them. Explain how friction generates heat.

4. Design a Friction Machine

   • In pairs, students create a simple “machine” or ramp (using books or boards) to test how different surfaces affect motion. They predict, test, and conclude which surface gives the most friction.

5. Friction in Action Story

   • Ask students to come up with a short story or scenario (in pairs) where friction plays a key role (e.g., a skateboarder braking, or someone slipping on ice). They act it out and explain where friction helped or made things difficult.

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