🌍 Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Bharat Kumar


 

🌍 Wide Area Networks (WAN)

📘 What is WAN?

WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network that connects computers and smaller networks (like LANs) across large geographical areas — such as different cities, provinces, or countries.

🔌 Example: A school in Islamabad connected to its main office in Lahore through the internet or leased line is using a WAN.

🔍 Key Features of WAN

FeatureDescription
Large CoverageCan span across cities, countries, or continents.
Uses Telecom LinesUses telephone lines, fiber optics, satellites, etc.
Slower than LANGenerally slower due to long distances.
High CostExpensive to install and maintain.
Public or PrivateCan be private (used by banks, companies) or public (like the Internet).

🛠️ Devices Used in WAN

  • Router: Sends data between networks.

  • Modem: Converts digital data to be sent over phone lines.

  • Switch: Helps connect multiple LANs.

  • Firewall: Protects the network from external threats.

🌐 Technologies Used in WAN

TechnologyDescription
Leased LineA dedicated line from a telecom company.
Fiber OpticHigh-speed cable-based communication.
SatelliteUsed in remote or rural areas.
Mobile Network3G/4G/5G for internet access across distances.
VPNVirtual Private Network for secure WAN access.

✅ Advantages of WAN

  • Connects Remote Areas: Useful for schools and colleges with multiple branches.

  • Centralized Data: All branches can access the same information.

  • Resource Sharing: Share printers, software, and data remotely.

  • Supports E-learning: Enables distance education and online resources.

❌ Disadvantages of WAN

  • Expensive Setup: Needs costly infrastructure and professional setup.

  • Maintenance: Difficult to manage due to size and complexity.

  • Slower Speed: Slower compared to LANs due to long-distance transmission.

  • Security Risks: More open to cyber threats, needs strong firewalls.

🧠 Real-Life Examples

  • Banks using WAN to connect all ATMs and branches.

  • Educational networks like Virtual University managing data centers and campuses across Pakistan.

  • Government departments communicating through secure WANs.

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