Local Area Networks (LAN)

Bharat Kumar


 

📡 Local Area Networks (LAN)

📘 What is LAN?

LAN (Local Area Network) is a type of computer network that connects multiple devices (like computers, printers, phones) within a small geographical area, such as:

  • A home

  • An office

  • A school

  • A laboratory

  • A building

🔌 Example: Computers in your computer lab connected to one printer — that’s a LAN.

🔍 Features of LAN:

  
FeatureDescription
        Limited Area           Works within a small area (100 meters to few km)
        High Speed            Fast data transfer (10 Mbps to 1 Gbps or more)
        Private Network           Owned and managed by one organization/home
        Wired or Wireless           Uses Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi
        Low Cost           Cheaper to install and maintain compared to larger networks like WAN

🖥️ Devices Used in LAN:

DeviceFunction
RouterConnects LAN to the internet
SwitchConnects multiple devices inside LAN
ModemConverts internet signal for LAN use
Ethernet CableWired connection between devices
Wi-Fi RouterProvides wireless connection in LAN

📈 Advantages of LAN:

✅ File sharing: Share documents, media, software easily.
✅ Printer sharing: Many computers can use one printer.
✅ Cost-saving: No need for multiple hardware devices.
✅ Security: Easy to monitor and secure within one building.
✅ Internet sharing: One internet connection for all devices.

❌ Disadvantages of LAN:

❌ Limited Range: Works only in a short physical area.
❌ Setup Cost: Initial wiring and devices cost money.
❌ Security Risk: If not protected, data can be misused.

📡 Types of LAN Connections:

  1. Wired LAN

    • Uses Ethernet cables

    • More stable and faster

    • Example: Office PCs connected with cables

  2. Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi)

    • Uses radio waves

    • More flexible and mobile

    • Example: Phones and laptops using Wi-Fi at home

🧠 Real-life Examples of LAN:

  • Computer lab in a school

  • Office desktops sharing one internet and printer

  • Wi-Fi setup in your house for mobile and laptops

  • Gaming zone where all PCs are connected

🔁 Comparison: LAN vs WAN vs MAN

Network TypeArea CoveredExample
LAN       Small (Room, Building)                 Home, School, Office
MAN       Medium (City)                Cable TV Network, City Wi-Fi
WAN       Large (Countries)                Internet, Google Network

📝 Summary:

  • LAN connects computers in a small area.

  • It allows sharing of files, internet, and devices like printers.

  • Can be wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi).

  • Common in homes, offices, schools, and shops.

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