Introduction to the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW)

Bharat Kumar

 




Introduction to the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW)

🌐 What is the Internet?

  • The Internet is a global network of computers connected together to share data and information.

  • It allows communication through email, video, file sharing, and more.

🌍 What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

  • WWW is a collection of websites and web pages accessible via the Internet.

  • Invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.

  • Websites use web browsers to display text, images, and videos.

📝 Example: www.google.com is a website on the World Wide Web.

🧭 Internet Browsing Applications (Web Browsers)

A web browser is a software used to open websites.

Browser NameDeveloperNotes
Google ChromeGoogleMost used, fast and secure
Mozilla FirefoxMozilla FoundationOpen-source, privacy-focused
SafariAppleBuilt-in browser for iPhones
Microsoft EdgeMicrosoftDefault in Windows 10/11
OperaOpera SoftwareLightweight with VPN option

🔗 Web Addresses and Links

  • A Web Address (URL) is the unique address of a website.

    • Example: https://www.youtube.com

    • https:// = protocol

    • www.youtube.com = domain name

  • A Hyperlink (link) is a clickable text/image that takes you to another page or site.

🔍 Example: Clicking “Login” on a website takes you to another web page via a hyperlink.

📘 Session 2: Internet Basics (continued)

🖥️ Interfacing with the Internet-Browser Window

Parts of a browser window:

PartUse
Address BarEnter website address (URL)
Menu BarAccess settings, bookmarks, downloads
Navigation ButtonsBack, forward, reload
Scroll BarMove up/down on long web pages
TabsOpen multiple websites in the same window
Home ButtonTakes you to your home/start page

🖱️ Mouse Actions on the Web

  • Click: Open links

  • Double-click: Sometimes opens new tab/window

  • Right-click: Shows options like Save, Copy link, Inspect

  • Scroll: View content up/down on long pages

🔍 Search Engines

Search engines help find information on the internet.

Search EngineUse
GoogleMost popular, fast results
BingMade by Microsoft
Yahoo!Offers news, email + search
DuckDuckGoPrivacy-focused search engine

Search Tips:

  • Use specific keywords: best laptop under 50000

  • Use quotes "cricket news" for exact matches

  • Use site: to search a particular site: site:bbc.com

📘 Session 3: Internet Basics (continued)

🌐 Using Specialized Websites

These are websites designed for special purposes:

PurposeExample Websites
Educationwww.khanacademy.org, www.coursera.org
Shoppingwww.daraz.pk, www.amazon.com
Government Serviceswww.fbr.gov.pk, www.nadra.gov.pk
News & Mediawww.bbc.com, www.geo.tv
Video Streamingwww.youtube.com, www.netflix.com
Social Mediawww.facebook.com, www.twitter.com

🔎 Searching for Information – Practical Tips

  • Always use relevant keywords.

  • Use filters for time, language, region, etc.

  • Use voice search for quick queries.

  • Use autocomplete suggestions to save time.

  • Verify information from trusted websites only.

🧠 Quick Summary:

TopicKey Points
InternetGlobal network of connected computers
WWWCollection of websites accessible via browsers
Web BrowsersChrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.
Web Address (URL)Unique identity of a website
LinksClickable items that take you to another page
Browser Window FeaturesAddress bar, buttons, scroll bar, etc.
Search EnginesGoogle, Bing, Yahoo
Specialized WebsitesEducational, Shopping, News, Government, etc.

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